Which of the following are key features of a topographic map?

A topographic map is designed to provide a detailed and accurate representation of the terrain and features of the Earth’s surface. One of the key features that distinguishes topographic maps from other types of maps is the use of elevation contours, which denote the varying heights of the land. These contours help users visualize the steepness and gradual changes in elevation, aiding in navigation and understanding of the landscape.

In addition to elevation contours, topographic maps also include physical features such as mountains, valleys, and bodies of water. They provide information on roads, trails, and other transportation networks, as well as man-made structures like buildings and fences. This comprehensive combination of features makes topographic maps invaluable for activities such as hiking, land-use planning, and military operations where an understanding of the terrain is crucial.

Other options fail to capture the full scope of what a topographic map represents, as they either focus on just a narrow set of features—like only roads, man-made structures, or natural elements—or do not include the crucial contour lines that indicate elevation changes. This holistic view of both natural and man-made features, alongside detailed elevation data, is what defines a topographic map.